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China's Chang’e-6 mission to the far side of the Moon
June 3, 2024
Why in news? A Chinese spacecraft landed on the far side of the moon to collect soil and rock samples to study differences between this less-explored region and the more familiar near side. The landing occurred in a huge crater known as the South Pole-Aitken Basin.
This mission is part of the Chang'e moon exploration program, named after a Chinese moon goddess. It is the sixth mission in the program.
It is the second mission aimed at bringing back samples. The first was the Chang'e 5 mission in 2020, which collected samples from the near side of the moon.
What’s in today’s article?
- Exploration of the far side of the Moon
- Chang’e-6 mission objective
- Significance of this mission
Far side of the Moon
- Far side referred to as the dark side
- The Moon's far side is often called the dark side because it cannot be seen from Earth. This does not mean it never gets sunlight.
- The Moon is tidally locked with Earth, so we only see one side of it. This visible side is known as the near side.
- Far side is very different from the near side
- The far side has been under the spotlight in recent years as it is very different from the near side.
- It has a thicker crust, more craters and fewer maria, or plains where lava once flowed.
- Potential to provide insights about the origin and evolution of the Moon
- Examining the samples from the far side can help scientists solve mysteries about the origin and evolution of the Moon.
- Till now, scientists have only been able to analyze samples from the near side.
- The far-side samples can also give answers to the longstanding question: why is it different from the near side?
- Examining the samples from the far side can help scientists solve mysteries about the origin and evolution of the Moon.
Why scientists are keen on exploring the far side of the Moon?
- Unexplored Terrain: The far side of the Moon is less explored compared to the near side, offering new opportunities for discovery.
- Geological Differences: By studying soil and rock samples, scientists hope to understand the differences in geology between the near side and the far side.
- Impact History: The far side has more craters and is less smooth than the near side, providing a better record of the solar system's impact history.
- Space Weathering: Studying the far side helps scientists understand how space weathering processes differ in various lunar environments.
- Radio Astronomy: The far side is shielded from Earth's radio noise, making it an ideal location for radio astronomy observations.
- Resources: The far side may contain resources like minerals and water ice that could be useful for future lunar missions and colonization efforts.
Chang’e-6 mission
- About
- The Chang’e-6 is a 53-day-long mission.
- After reaching the Moon’s orbit, the mission’s orbiter will circle the natural satellite while its lander will descend into the 2,500-kilometre-wide South Pole-Aitken basin on the lunar surface.
- Sample collection
- After collecting samples through scooping and drilling, the lander will launch an ascent vehicle, which will transfer the samples to the orbiter’s service module.
- This module will then return to the Earth.
Significance of Chang’e-6 mission
- Only country to achieve soft landing on the far side of moon
- China is the only country to achieve a soft-landing on the far side of the Moon.
- In 2019, its Chang’e-4 mission landed on the region and explored the Moon’s Von Karman crater with the help of a rover.
- Now Chang’e-6 has once again soft landed in the far side of moon.
- In total, China has successfully soft-landed on the far side of the Moon twice, when no other country has done it once.
- China is the only country to achieve a soft-landing on the far side of the Moon.
- Part of a growing rivalry with the US
- The moon programme is part of a growing rivalry with the US and others, including Japan and India.
- The emerging global power aims to put a person on the moon before 2030, which would make it the second nation after the US to do so.
- Technologic prowess
- Missions to the moon's far side are more difficult because it doesn't face the Earth, requiring a relay satellite to maintain communications.
- The terrain is also more rugged, with fewer flat areas to land.
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